Attachment Inhibitoren

HIV Attachment Inhibitors: A Novel Treatment Approach

Understanding the Mechanism of HIV Attachment

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and infects specific immune cells called CD4+ T cells. The initial step in HIV infection involves the attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to a specific receptor on the surface of CD4+ T cells, known as CD4. Once attached, the virus fuses with the host cell's membrane and enters the cell.

The Role of Attachment Inhibitors

Attachment inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that specifically target the attachment step of HIV infection. These drugs act by disrupting the interaction between gp120 and CD4, thereby preventing the virus from attaching to and infecting host cells.

Protein-Based Attachment Inhibitors

Protein-based attachment inhibitors, such as PRO 140 and PRO 141, are designed to mimic the natural CD4 receptor and bind to gp120, effectively blocking its interaction with the actual CD4 receptor on the host cell.

Small-Molecule Attachment Inhibitors

Small-molecule attachment inhibitors, such as Fostemsavir, disrupt the gp120-CD4 interaction by binding to a specific site on gp120 known as the CD4-binding site. This prevents gp120 from binding to CD4 and inhibits viral attachment.

Clinical Significance of Fostemsavir

Fostemsavir, approved by the FDA in 2020, is the first-in-class attachment inhibitor to receive regulatory approval. It has demonstrated promising results in clinical trials for the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV infections. Fostemsavir is generally well-tolerated and has a favorable side effect profile.

Conclusion

HIV attachment inhibitors represent a groundbreaking class of ARV drugs that offer a novel approach to combating HIV infection. By targeting the initial attachment step, these drugs hold the potential to suppress viral replication and contribute to the development of more effective and comprehensive HIV treatment strategies.